Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialist Certification (CAMS) Practice Exam

Who primarily uses hawalas and alternative remittance systems?

1. Expatriates sending money back to their home country

2. Government agencies transferring funds

3. Corporations making international payments

4. Tourists exchanging currency

The correct answer is: Expatriates sending money back to their home country

Hawalas and alternative remittance systems primarily serve expatriates sending money back to their home country. These informal systems provide a way for individuals, often migrant workers, to transfer funds across borders without relying on traditional banking systems, which may involve higher fees and regulatory hurdles. Expatriates typically prefer these methods for several reasons: they often offer lower transaction costs, faster transfer times, and a degree of anonymity that can be appealing in regions where traditional banking is less accessible or trusted. Additionally, these systems are often based on trust and familial or community ties, making them a practical solution for sending money home to support families. While the other groups mentioned do use various methods for transferring funds, they are not the primary users of hawalas and alternative remittance systems. Government agencies usually work through formal financial systems and established banking channels. Corporations often utilize formal banking mechanisms or wires for international payments, ensuring compliance with local and international regulations. Tourists exchanging currency typically engage with currency exchange services rather than remittance systems focused on transferring funds to a specific individual's home country.